Table 1. Gangpyeong Shaghanlun provisions of Osuyu-tang
Title	Provisions
陽明病	󰅁243 食穀欲嘔者, 屬陽明也, 吳茱萸湯主之. 得湯反劇者, 属上焦也.
少陰病	󰅁309 少隂病, 吐利, 手足逆冷, 煩躁欲死者, 吳茱萸湯主之.
厥陰病	󰅀378 乾嘔, 吐涎沫, 頭痛者, 吳茱萸湯主之.
production /administration*	󰅀 吳茱萸 一升 人蔘 二両 生薑切 六兩 大棗擘 十八枚 右罒味, 以水七升, 煮取二升, 去滓温服七合, 日三服.
󰅁, 15 letters sentences; 󰅀, 14 letters sentences; 󰄿, 13 letters sentences.

Table 2. Clinical studies of Osuyu-tang
Clinical subjects (referred KCD)	Title	published year	No.
Chronic headache (migraine, G43; Other headache syndromes, G44)	Kampo medicines as alternatives for treatment of migraine, six case studies.	2006	1
	The efficacy of goshuyuto, a typical Kampo formula, in preventing episodes of headache.	2006	2
	Effects of goshuyuto on lateralization of pupillary dynamics in headache.	2008	3
	Kampo medicines as useful therapeutic agents in clinical practice of neurology, case reports & representative medicines.	2013	4
	Paediatric migraine with visual hallucination auras appearing in the form of a human body	2019	5
	A case report of migraine and a case report of restless legs syndrome treated with Osuyu-tang based on Shanghanlun provisions	2019	6
Gastrointestinal disorder (Gastric ulcer, K25, Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, K21)	Successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori with a herbal medicine, goshuyuto, plus rabeprazole after failure of triplet therapy with vonoprazan, a report of three cases.	2017	7
	Effect of wu chu yu tang on gastroesophageal reflux disease, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.	2019	8
Skin Disease (Acne, L70; Atopic dermatitis, L20; Psoriasis, L40; Nummular dermatitis, L30)	A case report of soeumbyeong acne vulgaris patient treated with osuyu-tang. Journal of Korean medical classics.	2013	9
	A case report of atopic dermatitis treated by osuyu-tang based on Shanghanlun provisions. Journal of Korean medical classics.	2013	10
	A case report of psoriasis treated by osuyu-tang based on Shanghanlun.	2016	11
	A Case of Nummular Eczema treated by Osuyu-tang based on Shanghanlun Provisions	2020	12
	A case report of a papule and nodule acne patient treated with Osuyu-tang based on Shanghanlun provisions	2020	13
Restless leg syndrome	A case report of migraine and a case report of restless legs syndrome treated with Osuyu-tang based on Shanghanlun provisions	2019	→ no. 6 paper

Table 3. Clinical studies of Osuyu-tang against chronic headache
Study type	N (M:F/age)	Interventions group	Control group	Main Results	Author /Year /Language
case series	- 6, migraine without aura (F/48, F/28, M/40, F/32, F/35, F/42)	- OSYT 2.5 g, 3 times a day, duration from 2 weeks to 3 months. - CGDJS, temporarily administration in pain	-	- Reduced intensity, frequency of migraine headaches in all 6 cases.	Ishida et al. /2006 /Engish
RCT, responder-limited design	- 87 in stage 1, with chronic headache (M:7, F:80 / 41.5 ± 12.9) - 53 in stage 2, responders (M:4, F:49 / 41.9 ± 13.1)	- OSYT 2.5 g, 3 times a day, for 4 weeks in stage 1 - OSYT, 3 times a day, for 12 weeks in stage 2	- Placebo in stage 2, 3 times a day	1. Frequency of headache episodes (days, mean ± SD) - placebo : 10.2 ± 8.1 → 9.9 ± 7.9, P = 0.726 - OSYT : 11.0 ± 8.4 → 8.5 ± 7.7, P = 0.001 2. Frequency of consuming reliever medications (times, mean ± SD) - placebo : 10.2 ± 18.5 → 8.8 ± 13.2, P = 0.387 - OSYT : 7.7 ± 15.1 → 5.5 ± 12.8, P = 0.008	Odaguchi et al. /2006 /Engish
RCT, responder-limited design	- 91 in stage 1, with chronic headache - 23 in stage 2, with lateralized pupil (M:1, F:22 / 39.1 ± 13.1)	- OSYT 2.5 g, 3 times a day, for 4 weeks in stage 1 - OSYT, 3 times a day, for 12 weeks in stage 2	- Placebo in stage 2, 3 times a day	1. Frequency of headache episodes (days, mean ± SD) - placebo : 11.0 ± 7.9 → 10.3 ± 8.5, P = 0.554 - OSYT : 11.1 ± 7.6 → 8.1 ± 5.7, P = 0.007 2. The lateralization of the pupils (%, mean ± SD) - placebo : 85.5 ± 54.4 → 70.4 ± 73.2, P = 0.260 - OSYT : 106.5 ± 80.9 → 44.4 ± 42.4, P = 0.019	Wakasugi et al. /2008 /Engish
case report	1 (F/56) with migraine	- OSYT 5.0 g, twice a day, for 1 year.		- disappeared migraine attack after 4 weeks	Ishida /2013 /Japanese
case report	1 (F/11) with migraine with visual hallucination auras	- Acetaminophen 10 mg/kg. - OSYT 5.0 g, per a day, for 8 months occasionally		Headaches decreased by sole acetaminophen administration. The auras were alleviated by OSYT supplement.	Osamu et al. /2019 /English
case report	1(F/33), with migraine	- OSYT 120 cc, 3 times a day, for 70 days		modified MIDAS 10 → 3	Heo et al. /2019 /Korean
OSYT, Osuyu-tang; CGDJS, Chungungdajo-San; RCT, randomized controlled trial; MOH, Medication overuse headache; MIDAS, Migraine disability assessment

Table 4. Clinical studies of Osuyu-tang against gastrointestinal diseases
Study type	N (M:F/age)	Interventions group (regimen)	Control group (regimens)	Main Results	Author /Year /Language
case series	- 3 with gastric ulcer infected by H. pylori (M/69, M/66, F/54)	- OSYT 2.5 g, 3 times a day, for 28 days. - rabeprazole 10 mg, twice a day	-	1. Urea breath test and the stool antigen test - became negative, in all 3 cases.	Nagata et al. /2017/Engish
RCT	- 77 with gastroesophageal reflux disease - control group (M:20, F:17 / 46.95 ± 13.42) - OSYT group (M:14, F:20 / 46.03 ± 13.88)	- OSYT 2.5 g, 3 times a day, for 56 days - omeprazole 20 mg, once a day, for 56 days	- placebo 2.5 g, 3 times a day, for 56 days – omeprazole 20 mg, once a day, for 56 days	1. RDQ (mean ± SD) - placebo : before, 21.59 ± 11.67 → 28th day, 6.41 ± 5.16 → 56th day, 11.65 ± 10.19 - OSYT : before, 24.88 ± 10.01 → 28th day, 9.70 ± 7.00 → 56th day, 7.98 ± 6.04 2. GERDQ (mean ± SD) - placebo : before, 4.92 ± 2.71 → 28th day, 1.32 ± 1.53→ 56th day, 2.54 ± 2.59 - OSYT : before, 6.15 ± 3.21 → 28th day, 2.13 ± 2.07 → 56th day, 1.65 ± 1.39	Shih et al. /2019/Engish
OSYT, Osuyu-tang; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RDQ, Reflux Disease Questionnaire; GERDQ, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire

Table 5. Clinical studies of Osuyu-tang against skin diseases
Study type	N (M:F/age)	Interventions group (regimen)	Main Results	Author /Year/Language
case report	1(F/20), with acne vulgaris	OSYT 120 cc, 3 times a day, for 50 days	1. KAGS grade - before, 3 → 50th day, 2 2. Visual examination - reduced pustules and erythema 3. Accompanying symptoms - reduced fatigue - controlled menstruation	Shin et al. /2013 /Korean
case report	1(F/24), with atopic dermatitis	OSYT 120 cc, 3 times a day, for 5 months	1. SCORAD index - before, 49.5 → 14th day, 3.5 2. Accompanying symptoms - improved eating habits, digestion - reduced headache	Yun et al. /2013 /Korean
case report	1(M/17), with psoriasis	OSYT 120 cc, 3 times a day, for 71 days	Lesional ratio of the face - before, 29 % → 71th day, 4 % 2. Visual examination - reduced area, papule, scale	Lee et al. /2016 /Korean
case report	1(F/15), with nummular eczema	OSYT 120 cc, 3 times a day, for 73 days	1. vIGA-AD™, 4 → 1 2. Erythema, papule, scab and exudate decreased.	Lim et al. /2020 /Korean
case report	1(M/33), with acne	OSYT 120 cc, 3 times a day, for 50 days	1. KAGS, grade 3 (32 papules, 6 nodules in face) → grade 1 (2 papules, 0 nodules in face)	Choi et al. /2020 /Korean
OSYT, Osuyu-tang; Evodiae Fructus 3~18 g, Ginseng Radix 6 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus 12~18 g, Zizyphi Fructus 6~13.5 g. Dehydrating process was performed before water extraction, The recipe above is for 1 day to administer. The patient ate 3 times a day, 120 cc at a time. KAGS, Korean acne grading system; SCORAD, Scoring atopic dermatitis; vIGA-AD™, Validated investigator global assessment scale for atopic dermatitis, KAGS, Korean acne grading system

Table 6. Clinical studies of Osuyu-tang against restless legs syndrome
Author /Year/Language	Study type	N (M:F/age)	Interventions group (regimen)	Main Results
Heo et al. /2019 /Korean	case report	1(F/73), with restless legs syndrome	OSYT 120 cc, 3 times a day, for 30 days	K-IRLS, 30 → 9
; K-IRLS, the Korean Versions of the International Restless Legs Scale;