Table 1-1. Study institute, period and paper publication of each case | |||||
CaseNo. | 脉 | Chief Complaint | Study Institute | Medical treatment period | Paper Publication |
1 | 脉浮 | Parkinson’s disease (Gait disturbance) | Jung in Korean medical clinic | Sep.~ Nov. 2022 | Not Published |
2 | 脉浮 | Impulse Control Disorder | Yongsan Won korean medical clinic | 2018 | Published8) |
3 | 脉緩 | Diabetic peripheral neuropathy | Himchan Korean medical clinic | Aug.~ Nov. 2022 | Not Published |
4 | 脉緩 | Meniere’s disease | Kyunghee Seoul Korean medical clinic | 2021 | Published9) |
5 | 脉微 | Diabetic peripheral neuropathy | Himchan Korean medical clinic | Aug.~ Sep. 2022 | Not Published |
6 | 脉微 | Brain fog | Jung in Korean medical clinic | May ~ Sep. 2022 | Not Published |
7 | 脉沈 | Major depression disorder | Jung in Korean medical clinic | Jun. ~ Oct. 2022 | Not Published |
8 | 脉沈 | Parkinson’s disease | Himchan Korean medical clinic | May ~ Sep. 2022 | Not Published |
9 | 脉弦 | Spinal disc herniation | Kyunghee yeolrin Korean medical clinic | Jun. ~ Jul. 2022 | Not Published |
10 | 脉弦 | Low back pain | Kyunghee yeolrin Korean medical clinic | Jan. ~ Apr. 2022 | Not Published |
Table 2-1. The Main Diagnostic Points of Case (脉浮) | ||
Interpretation | Expression in the provision of Shanghanlun | Related Patient Information |
Greater yang disease pattern/syndrome | 大陽病 | Disease developed by excessive physical labor |
Poor quality of sleep | 煩不得眠 | Insomnia, Frequent nocturia |
Discomfort of urination | 小便不利 | Urinary frequency ; over 20 times, a sense of residual urine |
Discomfort or resistance of body movement caused by repeatedly using muscles | 脉浮 | Neck pain, Shoulder pain |
Thirst | 渴 | Small amount of daily drink ; under 0.5L/day |
Herbal name | Daily dose (g) | |
Chinese | Latin | |
澤瀉 | Alismatis Rhizoma | 15 |
茯苓 | Poria Sclerclium | 8 |
豬苓 | Polyporus umballatus Fries | 8 |
白朮 | Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba | 8 |
桂枝 | Cinnamomi Ramulus | 6 |
Dried herbs above are dose of one day. The herbs above were boiled with water, and residues were removed. The patient was administered 120cc each, three times a day. |
Table 2-3. Comparison of two 脉浮 cases (Case 1, 2) | ||||
The types of 脉 | 脉浮 | |||
Case | Case 1 | Case 2 | ||
Sex / Age | Female / 87 | Female / 29 | ||
Chief Complaint | Parkinson’s disease (Gait disturbance) | Anger management problems8) (Impulse Control Disorder) | ||
Mobility Problems | Gait disturbance, Nuchal pain, Upper limb pain | Nuchal pain, Both lower and upper limbs pain | ||
『傷寒論』Provision | 71. 脉浮 | 38. 脉浮緊 | ||
Administration | 五苓散 (Oryeong-san) | 大青龍湯 (Daecheongryong-tang) | ||
Changes of Mobility Problems | 1st day | 20th day | 1st day | 60th day |
Unable to walk without wheelchair | Able to walk with a cane | VAS: 10 | VAS: 2 | |
VAS, Visual analogue scale |
Table 2-4. The Main Diagnostic Points of Case 3 (脉緩) | ||
Interpretation | Expression in the provision of Shanghanlun | Related Patient Information |
Greater yang disease pattern/syndrome | 大陽病 | Disease developed by excessive physical labor |
Neuropathy associated with leg weakness | 中風(脉緩) | Numbness, muscle weakness |
Be irritated due to the disability of outside activity | 不汗出而煩燥 | Unable to work for living |
Musculoskeletal pain | 身疼痛 | Stabbing, burning, cold, hot, sore pain |
Herbal name | Daily dose (g) | |
Chinese | Latin | |
麻黃 | Ephedrae Herba | 12 |
杏仁 | Armeniacae Semen | 5 |
石膏 | Gypsum | 15 |
桂枝 | Cinnamomi Ramulus | 6 |
甘草 | Glycyrrhizae Radix | 6 |
生薑 | Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus | 9 |
大棗 | Zizyphi Fructus | 9 |
Dried herbs above are dose of one day. The herbs above were boiled with water, and residues were removed. The patient was administered 120cc each, three times a day. |
Table 2-6. Comparison of two 脉緩 cases (Case 3, 4) | ||||
The types of 脉 | 脉緩 | |||
Case | Case 3 | Case 4 | ||
Sex / Age | Male / 51 | Female / 48 | ||
Chief Complaint | Diabetic peripheral neuropathy | Meniere’s disease | ||
Mobility Problems | Pain, parethesia and weakness of arm and leg | Dizziness with headache | ||
『傷寒論』Provision | 38. 中風(脉緩) | 74. 中風(脉緩) | ||
Administration | 大青龍湯 (Daecheongryong-tang) | 五苓散 (Oryeong-san) | ||
Changes of Mobility Problems | 1st day | 101st day | 1st day | 46th day |
NRS : 9 NPS : 51 | NRS : 6 NPS : 43 | DHI : 42 | DHI : 4 | |
NRS, Numeral rating scale; NPS, Neuropathic pain scale; DHI, Dizziness handicap inventory |
Table 2-7. The Main Diagnostic Points of Case 5 (脉微) | ||
Interpretation | Expression in the provision of Shanghanlun | Related Patient Information |
Lesser yin disease pattern/syndrome | 少隂病 | Disease developed by less movement and feel fatigue easily |
Interior cold and external heat | 裏寒外热 | Conflict with family was a big stress to patient |
Reversal cold of the extremities on hands and feet | 手足厥逆 | Loss of sensation and pain of both hands and feet after repeated computer work |
Discomfort or resistance of body movement caused by fatigue or weakness of muscle | 脉微欲絶 | Due to low-activity, limb muscle weakness getting worse |
Herbal name | Daily dose (g) | |
Chinese | Latin | |
甘草 | Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma | 6 |
附子 | Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata | 3 |
乾薑 | Zingiberis Rhizoma | 9 |
Dried herbs above are dose of one day. The herbs above were boiled with water, and residues were removed. The patient was administered 120cc each, three times a day. |
Table 2-9. The Main Diagnostic Points of Case 6 (脉微) | ||
Interpretation | Expression in the provision of Shanghanlun | Related Patient Information |
Lesser yin disease pattern/syndrome | 少隂病 | Disease developed by less movement and feel fatigue |
Reversal cold of the extremities | 手足厥逆 | Rather than using big muscles, only moved her fingers like playing games |
Discomfort or resistance of body movement caused by fatigue or weakness of muscle | 脉微欲絶 | No outdoor activities and don't get muscles easily despite of physical exercise |
Herbal name | Daily dose (g) | |
Chinese | Latin | |
甘草 | Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma | 6 |
附子 | Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata | 3 |
乾薑 | Zingiberis Rhizoma | 9 |
Dried herbs above are dose of one day. The herbs above were boiled with water, and residues were removed. The patient was administered 120cc each, three times a day. |
Table 2-11. Comparison of two 脉微 cases (case 5, 6) | ||||
The types of 脉 | 脉微 | |||
Case | Case 5 | Case 6 | ||
Sex / Age | Female / 43 | Female / 20 | ||
Chief Complaint | Diabetic peripheral neuropathy | Brain fog | ||
Mobility Problems | Pain and paresthesia of both hands and feet, Too tired to exercise. | Too tired and sleepy to leave the house | ||
『傷寒論』Provision | 317. 脉微欲絶 | 317. 脉微欲絶 | ||
Administration | 通脉回逆湯 (Tongmaekhoiyeok-tang) | 通脉回逆湯 (Tongmaekhoiyeok-tang) | ||
Changes of Mobility Problems | 1st day | 112th day | 1st day | 60th day |
NRS:7 NPS:52 | NRS:3 NPS:27 | NRS:9 | NRS:3 | |
NRS, Numeral rating scale; NPS, Neuropathic pain scale |
Table 2-12. The Main Diagnostic Points of Case 7 (脉沈) | ||
Interpretation | Expression in the provision of Shanghanlun | Related Patient Information |
Greater yang disease pattern/syndrome | 大陽病 | Disease developed by excessive emotional stress |
Discomfort or resistance of body movement caused by being depressed or tired | 脉沈紧 | Major Depression Disorder |
Stuffiness strikes the chest | 気上衝胸 | Chest pressure or pain occasionally occur |
Sweating | 発汗 | Used to go boat fishing with husband |
Herbal name | Daily dose (g) | |
Chinese | Latin | |
茯笭 | Poria Sclerotium | 12 |
桂枝 | Cinnamomi Ramulus | 9 |
白朮 | Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba | 9 |
甘草 | Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma | 9 |
Dried herbs above are dose of one day. The herbs above were boiled with water, and residues were removed. The patient was administered 120cc each, three times a day. |
Table 2-14. The Main Diagnostic Points of This Case (脉沈) | ||
Interpretation | Expression in the provision of Shanghanlun | Related Patient Information |
Greater yang disease pattern/syndrome | 大陽病 | Disease developed by excessive physical labor |
Cold damage | 傷寒 | Disease occurred suddenly |
Discomfort or resistance of body movement caused by being depressed or tired | 脉沈緊 | Impossible getting out of bed and taking care of oneself |
Herbal name | Daily dose (g) | |
Chinese | Latin | |
茯笭 | Poria Sclerotium | 12 |
桂枝 | Cinnamomi Ramulus | 9 |
白朮 | Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba | 9 |
甘草 | Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma | 9 |
Dried herbs above are dose of one day. The herbs above were boiled with water, and residues were removed. The patient was administered 120cc each, three times a day. |
Table 2-16. Comparison of two 脉沈 cases (Case 7, 8) | ||||
The types of 脉 | 脉沈 | |||
Case | Case 7 | Case 8 | ||
Sex / Age | Female / 83 | Male / 82 | ||
Chief Complaint | Major depression disorder | Parkinson’s disease | ||
Mobility Problems | No desire to move. Tired and depressed. | Bradykinesia, Rigid muscles, Impaired posture and balance | ||
『傷寒論』Provision | 67. 脉沈紧 | 67. 脉沈紧 | ||
Administration | 茯苓圭支白朮甘艸湯 (Yeonggyechulgam-tang) | 茯苓圭支白朮甘艸湯 (Yeonggyechulgam-tang) | ||
Changes of Mobility Problems | 1st day | 90th day | 1st day | 111st day |
BDI: 61 | BDI: 17 | MDS-UPDRS II : 43 | MDS-UPDRS II : 29 | |
BDI, Beck depression inventory; MDS-UPDRS II, The movement disorder society-sponsored revision of the unified parkinson's disease rating scale part II |
Table 2-17. The Main Diagnostic Points of Case 9 (脉弦) | ||
Interpretation | Expression in the provision of Shanghanlun | Related Patient Information |
Greater yang disease pattern/syndrome | 大陽病 | Disease developed by excessive physical labor |
Cold damage | 傷寒 | Getting cold frequently |
Discomfort or resistance of body movement which feels similar to drawing a bow | 脉弦 | Tugging pain in four limbs |
Herbal name | Daily dose (g) | |
Chinese | Latin | |
柴胡 | Bupleuri Radix | 24 |
半夏 | Pinellia Rhizoma | 9 |
人蔘 | Ginseng Radix | 9 |
大棗 | Zizyphi Fructus | 12 |
生薑 | Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens | 9 |
甘草 | Glycyrrhizae Radix | 9 |
丹蔘 | Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix | 9 |
Dried herbs above are dose of one day. The herbs above were boiled with water, and residues were removed. The patient was administered 120cc each, three times a day. |
Table 2-19. The Main Diagnostic Points of Case 10 (脉弦) | ||
Interpretation | Expression in the provision of Shanghanlun | Related Patient Information |
Greater yang disease pattern/syndrome | 大陽病 | Disease developed by excessive physical labor |
Cold damage | 傷寒 | Disease occurred suddenly |
Discomfort or resistance of body movement which feels similar to drawing a bow | 脉弦 | A tightening pain in the leg |
Herbal name | Daily dose (g) | |
Chinese | Latin | |
柴胡 | Bupleuri Radix | 24 |
半夏 | Pinellia Rhizoma | 9 |
人蔘 | Ginseng Radix | 9 |
大棗 | Zizyphi Fructus | 12 |
生薑 | Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens | 9 |
甘草 | Glycyrrhizae Radix | 9 |
丹蔘 | Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix | 9 |
Dried herbs above are dose of one day. The herbs above were boiled with water, and residues were removed. The patient was administered 120cc each, three times a day. |
Table 2-21. Comparison of two 脉弦 cases (Case 9, 10) | ||||
The types of 脉 | 脉弦 | |||
Case | Case 9 | Case 10 | ||
Sex / Age | Female / 59 | Female / 65 | ||
Chief Complaint | Spinal disc herniation | Low back pain | ||
Mobility Problems | Upper limb tingling Low back and lower limb pain | A tightening pain in the leg | ||
『傷寒論』Provision | 100. 隂脉弦 | 100. 隂脉弦 | ||
Administration | 小柴胡湯加減方 (Modified Soshiho-tang) | 小柴胡湯加減方 (Modified Soshiho-tang) | ||
Changes of Mobility Problems | 1st day | 60th day | 1st day | 105th day |
VAS: 10 | VAS: 2 | NRS:10 | NRS:3 | |
VAS, Visual analogue scale; NRS, Numeral rating scale |
Table 3-1. Etymology of Chinese Character 永22) | |||
甲骨文 | 金文 | 金文 | 說文解字 |
Table 3-2. Etymology of Chinese Character 浮22) | |||
金文 | 說文解字 | 六書通 | 六書通 |
Table 3-3. Etymology of Chinese Character 緩22) | |||
說文解字 | 六書通 | 六書通 | 六書通 |
Table 3-4. Etymology of Chinese Character 微22) | |||
說文解字 | 六書通 | 六書通 | 六書通 |
Table 3-5. Etymology of Chinese Character 沈,沉22) | |||
甲骨文 | 金文 | 說文解字 | 六書通 |
Table 3-6. Etymology of Chinese Character 弦22) | |||
說文解字 | 六書通 | 六書通 | 六書通 |
Table 3-7. Definition of 脉 and related diseases | ||
Type | Definition by paleographical interpretation | Related Symptoms |
脉 | Discomfort or resistance of the body movement | -Diseases related to body movement |
脉浮 | Discomfort or resistance of body movement caused by repeatedly using muscles | -Musculoskeletal Pain -Muscle tightness -Muscle fatigue |
脉緩 | Discomfort or resistance of body movement which feels similar to stumbling | -Vasovagal Syncope -Epileptic seizures -Acute stroke -Myasthenia gravis(leg weakness) |
脉微 | Discomfort or resistance of body movement caused by fatigue, weakness of muscle, or developmental disability | -Muscular atrophy -Infantile paralysis -Musculoskeletal Pain due to lack of muscle strength |
脉沈 | Discomfort or resistance of body movement caused by being depressed or tired | -Reduced body movement due to major depressive disorder -Muscle weakness due to major depressive disorder -Extreme exhaustion due to chronic fatigue syndrome |
脉弦 | Discomfort or resistance of body movement which feels similar to drawing a bow | -Radiculopathy -Neurogenic claudication |
Table 4-1. Comparison of 脉 meaning among several studies | |||
Types of 脉(脈) | 『傷寒論精解』23) (2013) | Study of Roh et al.6) (2013) | This study |
脉 (脈) | Radial arterial pulse diagnosis | Observable personal images include face expression, tone of voice, movement, personality. | Discomfort or resistance during the body movement |
脉浮 (脈浮) | Floating pulse which means superficial(early) stage of disease | Look bright, High voice tone, Quick tongue, Rapid movement, Scatterbrained, Excited | Discomfort or resistance of body movement caused by repeatedly using muscles |
脉緩 (脈緩) | Moderate pulse which means healthy state of body | Not mentioned | Discomfort or resistance of body movement which feels similar to stumbling |
脉微 (脈微) | Faint pulse which means diminished functions, decreased metabolic activities, reduced body reactions | Look tired, Small voice, Tend to stay home, Introvert | Discomfort or resistance of body movement caused by being developmental disability or weakness of muscle |
脉沈 (脈沈) | Sunken pulse which means body fluid retention | Depressed, Low and heavy voice tone, Exhausted | Discomfort or resistance of body movement caused by fatigue, weakness of muscle, or developmental disability |
脉弦 (脈弦) | String-like pulse which means spasmodic contraction of tendons and meridian | Not mentioned | Discomfort or resistance of body movement which feels similar to drawing a bow |
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